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Santiago Mitnik analiza las representaciones pol\u00edticas del futuro en el sci-fi y los modos en que aparece, una y otra vez, el poder\u00a0autoritario.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; specialty=\u00bbon\u00bb padding_left_2=\u00bb1%\u00bb padding_top_bottom_link_1=\u00bbfalse\u00bb padding_top_bottom_link_2=\u00bbfalse\u00bb padding_left_right_link_1=\u00bbfalse\u00bb padding_left_right_link_2=\u00bbfalse\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.18.0&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb0px|0px|0px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=\u00bb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\u00bb4.22.2&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb40px||20px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb12px|0px|12px|0px|true|true\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#F2AF46&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.18.0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web|600|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb background_layout=\u00bbdark\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||13px|false|false\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb border_width_left=\u00bb6px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#672C40&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<strong>Artificios<\/strong>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web|300|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_line_height=\u00bb1.4em\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#272727&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb57px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb background_size=\u00bbstretch\u00bb width=\u00bb100%\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb min_height=\u00bb71px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb3%|0%|3%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|0%|0px|0%|false|true\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<h1>EL NO-FUTURO DE LA DEMOCRACIA<\/h1>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#057E7E\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||13px|false|false\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; border_width_left=\u00bb6px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#672C40&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<p>Por <b>Santiago Mitnik<\/b><br \/><span style=\"font-size: small;\">20 de abril de 2024<\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/star-wars-sheev-palpatine-darth-sidious-ian-mcdiarmid-2515405-scaled.webp\u00bb title_text=\u00bbstar-wars-sheev-palpatine-darth-sidious-ian-mcdiarmid-2515405&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||3px|0px||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb2em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami,Titillium Web\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Un patr\u00f3n extremadamente com\u00fan en la ciencia ficci\u00f3n, especialmente la que se imagina un futuro muy lejano, es la presencia de un gobierno autoritario de alg\u00fan tipo, o como m\u00ednimo, extremadamente militarizado. Si digo \u201cImperio\u201d, as\u00ed, sin aclarar, puedo estarme refiriendo al Imperium de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Warhammer 40K<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, al de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Star Wars<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, al de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Fundaci\u00f3n<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, etc\u00e9tera. La \u201cFederaci\u00f3n\u201d puede ser la \u201cdemocracia\u201d castrense de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Starship Troopers<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, o la m\u00e1s pluralista, pero tambi\u00e9n sospechosamente militar, Federaci\u00f3n ut\u00f3pica en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Star Trek<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Caso aparte ser\u00e1n las \u201cCorpos\u201d de entornos ciberpunk, las Weyland-Yutani del mundo <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Alien<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, las \u201c<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">metanacionales\u201d <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Marte Rojo <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">y similares. Y tambi\u00e9n la mir\u00edada de humanidades violentas en el post-apocalipsis de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Matrix<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mad Max <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">o <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Fallout<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-85c056ea-7fff-3fa6-e076-73fa10697238\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">En esta nota, quiero recorrer algunos de estos ejemplos, buscando coincidencias y diferencias, pero especialmente buscando descifrar algunas razones fundamentales de <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">por qu\u00e9 cuando queremos contar una historia de las posibilidades de la humanidad, volvemos siempre al autoritarismo y a lo militar.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">And so liberty dies, with a thunderous applause.<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Si prestaron atenci\u00f3n a los ejemplos de arriba, habr\u00e1n notado que hay algunos sospechosos, y para qui\u00e9nes son m\u00e1s cercanos a los 2000 que a los 80, uno es bastante relevante. En el universo de <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Star Wars<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, muy al comienzo de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">A New Hope<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, Darth Vader cuenta en una reuni\u00f3n de la plana mayor militar del Imperio que el emperador finalmente clausur\u00f3 el Senado, sin mayor explicaci\u00f3n. Cinco pel\u00edculas y un flashback despu\u00e9s conocemos la historia completa, sobre la ca\u00edda de la Rep\u00fablica, caso especialmente relevante de una democracia en la CF.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">La Trilog\u00eda Original de Star Wars es una historia de lucha antiautoritaria, guerrillera, con algunas alegor\u00edas claras a Vietnam. Gran parte de su \u00e9xito es, justamente, la obviedad y transparencia en c\u00f3mo aparecen los motivos literarios y arquetipos. Es justamente por eso que algunos de sus fans se sintieron decepcionados cuando en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Phantom Menace<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> nos encontramos con la Orden Jedi como una especie de polic\u00eda secreta env\u00edada para romper un bloqueo de una empresa transportista, en el contexto de una discusi\u00f3n de tarifas en el Senado.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot_26.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_26&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.23.1&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb2em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami,Titillium Web,Tiro Devanagari Marathi\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">La caracter\u00edstica fundamental de la Rep\u00fablica, en pel\u00edculas, series y cualquier de los universos extendidos, es la burocracia, la rosca, la corrupci\u00f3n y el sentimiento de decadencia, a la vez invisible e indetenible. Reci\u00e9n en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Revenge of the Sith<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> se termina de mostrar como la Trilog\u00eda de las Precuelas es a la vez una historia de la ca\u00edda de un h\u00e9roe, pero especialmente <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">la historia de un cesarismo, de la ca\u00edda de una democracia por sus propias contradicciones pol\u00edticas internas<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/strong><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-4c3168d1-7fff-d13b-abb2-877ccf0af034\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pero entonces, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 son tan distintos los finales de los episodios III y VI? En una vemos a un r\u00e9gimen autoritario consolidarse y la historia queda abierta. En el otro, vemos la destrucci\u00f3n del poder imperial y su l\u00edder, con un gran festejo\u2026 y nada m\u00e1s. Quiz\u00e1s porque, en palabras de Zizek, <strong>l<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>a revoluci\u00f3n es f\u00e1cil, pero lo dif\u00edcil es el d\u00eda despu\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Una historia que se resuelve para bien porque el H\u00e9roe vence al Mal con un gran sacrificio es bastante m\u00e1s espectacular y vendible que una donde la victoria se da por comprar un par de votos para una media sanci\u00f3n de una ley a cambio de una subsecretar\u00eda. Padme no salva a la rep\u00fablica desde el Senado, Leia s\u00ed, pero con un blaster.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Los Ellos y la Raz\u00f3n de especie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Otro tropo fundamental de la ciencia ficci\u00f3n es la del <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">enemigo total<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Los aliens, en todas sus formas, colores y tama\u00f1os son un gran catalizador para que la humanidad se una en Mega-Estado, con un ej\u00e9rcito unificado, donde nuestro h\u00e9roe protagonista (individual o colectivo) puede brillar, desde la guerra eterna contra los enemigos de la humanidad en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Warhammer <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">o la victoria humana en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Independence Day<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Especialmente com\u00fan es la deshumanizaci\u00f3n de estos enemigos<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Muy com\u00fanmente, toman la forma de alg\u00fan tipo de insecto, un tipo de animal que podemos imaginar inteligente pero lo suficientemente diferente a nosotros como para aplastarlo sin compasi\u00f3n, como los insectores en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">El Juego de Ender<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> o los bichos en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Starship Troopers<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pero no es que los autores sean ciegos a los peligros que esto implica, sino que en muchos casos este es justamente el punto. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">El Juego de Ender<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> no es solo la historia de un ni\u00f1o soldado que se forma para combatir a los enemigos de su estado, sino tambi\u00e9n sobre las consecuencias morales de la guerra y sus resultados. El combate defensivo est\u00e1 plenamente justificado, pero lo que sigue a eso ya es otra cuesti\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Starship Troopers<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, en cambio, tiene un trasfondo m\u00e1s complejo. La pel\u00edcula de Paul Verhoeven, de forma similar al reciente <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Helldivers<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, un juego que claramente inspir\u00f3, es abiertamente <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">un intento de parodia del militarismo y la propaganda militar estadounidense<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Y a pesar de la voluntad de serlo, a trav\u00e9s de ellos se filtra algo (bastante atractivo, dig\u00e1moslo) de la esencia original del libro de Heinlein, donde el orden pol\u00edtico-militar de la Federaci\u00f3n se toma muy en serio.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-0dde84c0-7fff-a814-8a82-1e60ad33852d\" style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot_27.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_27&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.23.1&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb2em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami,Titillium Web\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">En ese mundo, en medio de una enorme crisis social y cultural, los veteranos de guerra de todo el mundo tomaron el poder y organizaron a la humanidad en un r\u00e9gimen democratico-meritocr\u00e1tico, donde solo los veteranos tienen derechos pol\u00edticos, mientras todos los dem\u00e1s disfrutan plenas garant\u00edas civiles y prosperidad. Una versi\u00f3n del fascismo que no se come a s\u00ed mismo y logra ser, a su manera, \u201chumanista\u201d y no faccioso. \u00bfQu\u00e9 mantiene de pie ese r\u00e9gimen? La guerra contra otras especies, donde la Infanter\u00eda M\u00f3vil, la Armada Espacial y otros grupos militares se ganan el derecho a ser ciudadanos plenos de la humanidad.<\/span><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-0947135e-7fff-88aa-45ef-37a0ebd07ae1\" style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-3d175c8f-7fff-87af-861a-ddbf79fb0f91\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pero m\u00e1s all\u00e1 del ejemplo quiz\u00e1s extremadamente fascista, podemos encontrar casos similares para todo p\u00fablico. Como <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">la super-progresista Federaci\u00f3n de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Star Trek<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, que tambi\u00e9n tiene un gobierno unificado y una flota militar como punta de lanza de la gran gesta humana<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (aunque en este caso aliados a otros no-humanos).\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Quiz\u00e1s es mi postura exo-pol\u00edtica humanista personal, pero perfectamente razonable la lucha contra los enemigos de la humanidad. Si el todo es superior a las partes, y creemos en alg\u00fan tipo de esp\u00edritu comunitario, es casi obvio encontrar arriba de la \u201cRaz\u00f3n de Estado\u201d del Estado Naci\u00f3n algo que podr\u00edamos llamar \u201cRaz\u00f3n de Especie\u201d.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Y no se trata solamente de una posible invasi\u00f3n alien\u00edgena. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>El enemigo alien perfectamente puede ser reemplazado por cualquier otro evento de extinci\u00f3n masiva m\u00e1s presente y aceptable en la pol\u00edtica cl\u00e1sica, como el cambio clim\u00e1tico, la amenaza de desastres naturales a escala planetaria, una pandemia o la guerra nuclear<\/strong>.<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> Si vamos a pensar una salida pol\u00edtica real a los problemas de las pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas vamos a tener que pensar en escala de Especie o Planeta, como m\u00ednimo.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pero cuando estas pol\u00edticas se implementan en novelas o pel\u00edculas, siempre debe haber alguien al mando que pueda ordenar el caos pol\u00edtico que implica unificar los esfuerzos de la humanidad en una Causa Com\u00fan y que pueda adem\u00e1s cargar con la responsabilidad de los sacrificios que esas Grandes Causas suelen implicar. Dos ejemplos, de los miles que hay, son Eva Stratt en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Proyect Hail Mary<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> y los \u201cVallados\u201d de la <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Trilog\u00eda de los Tres Cuerpos<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Y que en nuestra imaginaci\u00f3n esas causas casi siempre las comandan grandes genios, estados colosales o fuerzas militares nos tiene que importar bastante, porque es b\u00e1sicamente un spoiler de las discusiones que tarde o temprano van a llegar; muy probablemente, durante nuestras propias vidas.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Humanity\u2026 humanity never changes<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">La alternativa a esta gran uni\u00f3n humana frente a las amenazas que se acercan es, justamente, <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">la destrucci\u00f3n de la civilizaci\u00f3n y el colapso<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Y as\u00ed se da, no de casualidad, la mir\u00edada de historias post-apocal\u00edpticas que plagan libros, series y pel\u00edculas en la actualidad.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">En <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Water World<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> y <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Mad Max,<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> la causa del colapso es el cambio clim\u00e1tico; en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Fallout <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">es la guerra nuclear; en los apocalipsis zombi m\u00e1s modernos se suele referenciar a pandemias, pero puede representar cualquier tipo de enemigo irracional que hace colapsar la sociedad. Estos mundos son la fantas\u00eda primitivista de un Ted Kaczynski. Con la ausencia de la sociedad industrial y el poder de polic\u00eda, la supervivencia del m\u00e1s apto se vuelve la \u00fanica ley y abundan los robos, los asesinatos y las violaciones. Otra vez, la violencia, se cuela en como podemos imaginar el futuro.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot_28.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_28&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.23.1&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb2em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami,Titillium Web,Times New Roman\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Ir\u00f3nicamente, c\u00f3mo colapsa la civilizaci\u00f3n es casi secundario en estas historias. El punto central suele estar en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><strong>c\u00f3mo mantenerse humanos en un mundo con alt\u00edsimo nivel de violencia interpersonal<\/strong>,<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> y en la posibilidad de reconstrucci\u00f3n de la civilizaci\u00f3n, o de cierto grado de justicia aceptable. El o los h\u00e9roes viven en el filo entre ser supervivientes ultra-adaptados al mundo ca\u00f3tico en el que viven y los lazos humanos que generan con otros supervivientes. Es en \u00faltima instancia, el regreso al <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">western<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, donde el Estado no mantiene un monopolio de la violencia y sobran las oportunidades para el hero\u00edsmo.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-b4d19df6-7fff-5cc3-710a-dcc7582af097\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">M\u00e1s interesante quiz\u00e1s, desde un punto de vista pol\u00edtico, son las historias donde efectivamente se comienza el proceso de reconstrucci\u00f3n de la civilizaci\u00f3n, ya sea luego del colapso total o logrando salvar parte del viejo mundo. Algunas historias donde esto se explora son <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Frost Punk<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, un juego de gesti\u00f3n de una comunidad sobreviviente a un evento apocal\u00edptico o el libro de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">World War Z<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, donde se narra en detalle c\u00f3mo la humanidad sobrevivi\u00f3 a un apocal\u00edpsis zombi.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Otro grupo aparte de mundos post-apocal\u00edpticos es el de sagas como <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Matrix <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">y <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Terminator<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, donde la IA se convierte en el gran enemigo y la causa de la destrucci\u00f3n de la civilizaci\u00f3n, pero no suelen seguir exactamente los mismos tipos de patrones.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Look mom, I\u2019m at the top of Arasaka Tower<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Y en todo este desarrollo no hablamos casi ni de econom\u00eda ni de sociolog\u00eda. Ac\u00e1 tambi\u00e9n, los l\u00edmites de nuestra imaginaci\u00f3n \u201cempa\u00f1an\u201d los futuros posibles. En todos los ejemplos hasta ahora, excepto, quiz\u00e1s, <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Star Trek<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> (donde casi no hay escasez) y algunos postapocalipticos espec\u00edficos (donde simplemente se retrocede a formas primitivas de producci\u00f3n),<\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> lo \u00fanico que se mantiene en com\u00fan es la econom\u00eda de mercado<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Es trillado decirlo a esta altura, pero es m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil imaginar el fin del mundo que el fin del capitalismo.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><b style=\"font-weight: normal;\"><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pero que se mantenga el capitalismo no quiere decir que nada cambie: todo lo contrario. Es m\u00e1s, <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">manteni\u00e9ndose el sistema econ\u00f3mico actual es casi imposible que la pol\u00edtica y la sociedad actual se mantengan tal cual est\u00e1n, especialmente con la fusi\u00f3n entre capitalismo desregulado y aceleraci\u00f3n tecnol\u00f3gica<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">En el g\u00e9nero <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">cyberpunk<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, se combinan estos factores de forma extremadamente pesimista. All\u00ed, las megacorporaciones con fuerzas armadas propias se instalan como un poder por encima de los Estados nacionales. Bajo ellas, la poblaci\u00f3n vive muy diferenciada entre qui\u00e9nes est\u00e1n dentro y fuera del sistema. Pero incluso en la periferia, la tecnolog\u00eda permea, y genera nuevas formas de resistencia tecno-cultural, aunque tambi\u00e9n nuevos tipos de opresi\u00f3n. Hackers, cyborgs y manipulaci\u00f3n gen\u00e9tica hecha <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">underground<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, mientras en lo alto la \u00e9lite vive casi como dioses. Algo parecido pasa con las historias al estilo de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Black Mirror<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, donde la tecnolog\u00eda y la sociedad del espect\u00e1culo se fusionan, avasallando el resto de la vida social.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot_29.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_29&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.23.1&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb2em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami,Titillium Web\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Estas no son m\u00e1s que las proyecciones de ansiedades sociales (muy bien justificadas, por cierto) ya existentes. Las historias nunca hablan puramente de lo que sucede dentro del libro o pel\u00edcula, sino que reflejan algo del mundo en el que vivimos. Por ejemplo, las tecnolog\u00edas y el desarrollo econ\u00f3mico traen aparejados tanto beneficios como riesgos y costos, y casi que el rol fundamental y original de la ciencia ficci\u00f3n es, justamente, advertirlos. Parece ser bastante aburrida la idea de una historia de ciencia ficci\u00f3n que suceda en un mundo donde <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">no haya problemas<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Incluso el setting m\u00e1s ut\u00f3pico que se me viene a la mente, <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Star Trek<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, recurre a la <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">frontera<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, como lugar de desarrollo de la trama<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">El lugar de las utop\u00edas<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">En el mundo actual, el pensamiento ut\u00f3pico <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">parece <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">estar en pleno retroceso, con un supuesto avance imparable del <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/por-un-pesimismo-esperanzado\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">pesimismo<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Este pesimismo es solo en parte ideol\u00f3gico. En una gran medida surge de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">la decepci\u00f3n generalizada en la autoridad en general, y espec\u00edficamente en los gobiernos de los Estados naci\u00f3n democr\u00e1ticos<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Entonces, \u00bfpor qu\u00e9 vemos tanto militarismo, autoritarismo y violencia (podr\u00edamos tambi\u00e9n decir fascismo) cuando pensamos en el futuro? Por ciertas condiciones que suele imponer el setting y las herramientas de nuestra imaginaci\u00f3n. El pensar el espacio y la soberan\u00eda planetaria o el pensar en amenazas existenciales, nos ponen en un aprieto, y el \u00fanico imaginario que tenemos para enfrentar eso es, por ahora, el autoritarismo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Pero como nadie sabe exactamente qu\u00e9 es lo que va a pasar, <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">el futuro es, por definici\u00f3n, un espacio en disputa<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. Toda ideolog\u00eda o corriente de pensamiento proyecta (o puede proyectar) hacia all\u00ed sus esperanzas y tambi\u00e9n sus miedos. La ciencia ficci\u00f3n no es exactamente una sociedad piensa o quiere que vaya a ser su futuro, pero esconde algunas ideas relevantes (y aprovecho para pasar recomendaciones de lectura). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web';\"><a href=\"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/sueno-rojo\/\" style=\"text-decoration: none;\"><span style=\"color: #1155cc; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">En el planeta Marte<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, por ejemplo, se reflejan un sinf\u00edn de concepciones bien <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">terrestres,<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\"> desde las visiones revolucionarias sovi\u00e9ticas de Bogdanov en <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Estrella Roja<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, pasando por la fantas\u00eda americana de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Cronicas Marcianas<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, terminando en la utop\u00eda anarcocapitalista de Musk. En el medio, tenemos la excepcional saga de <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Marte Rojo<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">de Kim Stanley Robinson, donde se explora <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-weight: bold; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">un posible camino de evoluci\u00f3n de la humanidad para las pr\u00f3ximas d\u00e9cadas, d\u00f3nde ambiente, pol\u00edtica y econom\u00eda pasan al centro de la escena de la vida de los personajes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Screenshot_30.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_30&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/WhatsApp-Image-2023-03-13-at-16.37.45.jpeg\u00bb title_text=\u00bbWhatsApp Image 2023-03-13 at 16.37.45&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb3%||3%||true|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.23.1&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb2em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami,Titillium Web,Times New Roman\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Sobre la lucha entre democracia y autoritarismo, y lo positivo y negativo que ambos encarnan, pocas obras me conmovieron tanto como el anim\u00e9 <\/span><strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: italic; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">Legend of the Galactic Heroes<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"color: #000000; background-color: transparent; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\">. En la historia podemos ver dos historias paralelas, en un entorno republicano y otro mon\u00e1rquico, y las luchas pol\u00edticas que definen el futuro de las naciones. Una historia que es ciencia ficci\u00f3n casi que de casualidad, por su universalidad podr\u00eda bien haber estado en cualquier otro contexto.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span><span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\"><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\" style=\"line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-f300c89c-7fff-5968-57c4-2177058a7fc6\" style=\"font-size: large; font-family: 'Titillium Web'; font-weight: normal;\"><span id=\"docs-internal-guid-229b2c8a-7fff-744c-cf56-116a3044e389\"><span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Por \u00faltimo, y posiblemente m\u00e1s importante, aparece <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">la idea de la lucha por las causas comunes de la humanidad como especie<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">. Esta idea tiene algunos reflejos en la \u201ccomunidad internacional\u201d occidental y el \u201cmultipolarismo\u201d o la \u201ccomunidad de destino\u201d china. Sea el cambio clim\u00e1tico, el agotamiento de los recursos naturales, el colapso social, la amenaza de la guerra o la IA, la gesta de expansi\u00f3n hacia el espacio, una cat\u00e1strofe planetaria imprevista o, por qu\u00e9 no, el combate contra un enemigo exterior, tarde o temprano la humanidad se enfrentar\u00e1 a alg\u00fan desaf\u00edo para el que no alcance con el molde de los estados nacionales y sus superestructuras actuales. Para que de la crisis actual no se salga por la salida f\u00e1cil y retr\u00f3grada, es m\u00e1s necesario que nunca consolidar un nuevo humanismo pol\u00edtico, y para esto la ciencia ficci\u00f3n deber\u00e1 ser una herramienta central. Parafraseando a Da Shi, uno de los protagonistas del <\/span><strong><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">Problema de los Tres Cuerpos<\/span><\/strong><span style=\"font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">: <\/span><span style=\"font-style: italic; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; white-space-collapse: preserve;\">\u201cLa humanidad a\u00fan no ha sido vencida.\u201d<\/span><\/span><br \/><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#272727&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#f2f2f2&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb112px|||||\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb14px|14px|14px|14px|true|true\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0&#8243;]<span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Santiago Mitnik<\/strong><\/span>\n\n\u00bfTe gust\u00f3 la nota? Seguilo en sus redes &#x1f447;\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/santi_mitnik\/\">@santi_mitnik<\/a>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.twitter.com\/santimitnik\/\">@santimitnik<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_blog fullwidth=\u00bboff\u00bb posts_number=\u00bb4&#8243; include_categories=\u00bbcurrent\u00bb meta_date=\u00bbj M,Y\u00bb excerpt_length=\u00bb80&#8243; show_author=\u00bboff\u00bb show_categories=\u00bboff\u00bb show_pagination=\u00bboff\u00bb masonry_tile_background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bbon|off|off\u00bb module_class=\u00bbpa-blog \u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.24.3&#8243; header_font=\u00bb|700|||||||\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb20px\u00bb body_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb body_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb meta_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb read_more_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb background_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb min_height=\u00bb100px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb0px||0%||false|false\u00bb 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fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_enable_color=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_enable_color=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||0px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row column_structure=\u00bb1_3,1_3,1_3&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#033332&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb15px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.3em\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb15px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb|||10%|false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<h1><b>SECCIONES<\/b><\/h1>\n<a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/urbe\">Urbe<\/a>\n\n<a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/artificios\">Artificios<\/a>\n\n<a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/cultura\">Cultura<\/a>\n\n<a style=\"color: white;\" href=\"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/opinion\">Opini\u00f3n<\/a>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Logo-Mecenazgo-2019-1.png\u00bb alt=\u00bbLogo  mecenazgo\u00bb align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb2%|3%|2%|10%|true|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb15px\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb15px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb|||10%|false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<h1><b>Nro de obra publicada &#8211; P\u00e1gina Web:<\/b><\/h1>\n<p>RE-2022-55412612-APN-DNDA#MJ<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00bb1_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb||||false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb text_font_size=\u00bb15px\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb15px\u00bb header_2_font=\u00bb|600|||||||\u00bb header_2_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb header_2_text_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb header_2_font_size=\u00bb22px\u00bb header_2_line_height=\u00bb0.9em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb|||10%|false|false\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<h2>CONTACTO<\/h2>\n<p>FUNDACION URBE<\/p> \n<p>CUIT 30644567156<\/p>\n<p>revista@urbe.com.ar<\/p>\n<p>Pringles 939, CABA<\/p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_code 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