{"id":7495,"date":"2023-05-08T20:52:52","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T20:52:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/?p=7495"},"modified":"2023-06-03T22:34:14","modified_gmt":"2023-06-03T22:34:14","slug":"no-vivimos-en-una-simulacion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/no-vivimos-en-una-simulacion\/","title":{"rendered":"(No) Vivimos en una simulaci\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; disabled_on=\u00bbon|on|on\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.20.0&#8243; disabled=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00bb4.18.0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.18.0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text disabled_on=\u00bbon|on|on\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||28px|||\u00bb disabled=\u00bbon\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]Por <b>Dante Sabatto<\/b>\u00a0| \u00bfEs posible que nuestro mundo no sea m\u00e1s que un simulacro producido por una computadora? Esta nota explora las consecuencias cient\u00edficas, pol\u00edticas y narrativas de la \u00abhip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n\u00bb, de Plat\u00f3n a Matrix.[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1&#8243; use_custom_gutter=\u00bbon\u00bb gutter_width=\u00bb1&#8243; specialty=\u00bbon\u00bb padding_left_2=\u00bb1%\u00bb padding_top_bottom_link_1=\u00bbfalse\u00bb padding_top_bottom_link_2=\u00bbfalse\u00bb padding_left_right_link_1=\u00bbfalse\u00bb padding_left_right_link_2=\u00bbfalse\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.18.0&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb0px|0px|0px|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; specialty_columns=\u00bb2&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_row_inner _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb40px||20px||false|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb12px|0px|12px|0px|true|true\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.18.0&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web|600|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb background_layout=\u00bbdark\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||13px|false|false\u00bb border_color_all=\u00bb#FFFFFF\u00bb border_width_left=\u00bb6px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#033332&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p><strong>Urbe<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web|300|||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_line_height=\u00bb1.4em\u00bb header_font=\u00bb|700||on|||||\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbleft\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#272727&#8243; header_font_size=\u00bb57px\u00bb background_color=\u00bbRGBA(255,255,255,0)\u00bb background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb background_size=\u00bbstretch\u00bb width=\u00bb100%\u00bb module_alignment=\u00bbleft\u00bb min_height=\u00bb71px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb3%|0%|3%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|0%|4px|0%|false|true\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<h1>(No) Vivimos en una simulaci\u00f3n<\/h1>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb18px\u00bb header_text_align=\u00bbcenter\u00bb header_text_color=\u00bb#057E7E\u00bb header_font_size=\u00bb35px\u00bb text_orientation=\u00bbjustified\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb|||13px|false|false\u00bb border_width_left=\u00bb6px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#033332&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<p>Por <b>Dante Sabatto<\/b><br \/><span style=\"font-size: small;\">08 de mayo de 2023<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/banner.jpg\u00bb title_text=\u00bbbanner\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|off|off\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; background_enable_image=\u00bboff\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb5%|0%|5%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_margin_tablet=\u00bb\u00bb custom_margin_phone=\u00bb6%|0%|6%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_margin_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column_inner][\/et_pb_row_inner][et_pb_row_inner column_structure=\u00bb1_2,1_2&#8243; 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background_color=\u00bb#ffffff\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||3px|0px||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_column_inner saved_specialty_column_type=\u00bb2_3&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>I.<\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La historia es, m\u00e1s o menos, as\u00ed: un estudiante [E] tiene acceso a la supercomputadora de su universidad, y decide usarla para <\/span><b>simular su vida<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La supercomputadora emplea <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">big data<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, tiene acceso a datos estad\u00edsticos en proporciones inmensas, y puede prever los eventos fundamentales m\u00e1s probables del curso de su vida. Cuando corre el programa, el estudiante descubre que tarda mucho m\u00e1s de lo esperado. Ingresa al programa y descubre que su yo simulado [E<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">] tambi\u00e9n decidi\u00f3 usar la supercomputadora simulada de su universidad simulada, y que en esta simulaci\u00f3n pas\u00f3 lo mismo, una y otra vez. <\/span><b>Una regresi\u00f3n infinita<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Esto genera un problema. Porque E<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> cree que \u00e9l es el verdadero estudiante, y que su simulaci\u00f3n E<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> es, en realidad, E<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ahora bien: el primer estudiante de esta historia est\u00e1 en la misma posici\u00f3n que E<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. No tiene mayores evidencias que \u00e9l de su car\u00e1cter real.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>\u00bfNo es, al fin y al cabo, m\u00e1s probable que \u00e9l tambi\u00e9n sea una simulaci\u00f3n, que no sea E sino m\u00e1s bien E<\/b><b>1<\/b><b>, o E<\/b><b>24<\/b><b> o E<\/b><b>56892<\/b><b>?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\">II<\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La elaboraci\u00f3n m\u00e1s conocida de la <\/span><b><i>hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> la desarroll\u00f3 Nick Bostrom en 2003. Su argumento dice, m\u00e1s o menos, que dado un desarrollo tecnol\u00f3gico progresivo, toda civilizaci\u00f3n llegar\u00e1 eventualmente a un estad\u00edo en el que puede simular la realidad de forma convincente. Que vivamos en una de estas simulaciones, suponiendo una pluralidad de civilizaciones en el universo, es una probabilidad real.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\">De esto se desprende una serie de consecuencias cient\u00edficas. \u00bfQu\u00e9 sentido tienen nuestras mediciones y nuestras teor\u00edas si lo que estamos explicando no es una realidad en s\u00ed sino una falsedad, una reinterpretaci\u00f3n de una realidad exterior? \u00bfExplica esto los descubrimientos de la teor\u00eda cu\u00e1ntica, como el hecho de que ciertas part\u00edculas se comportan de un modo cuando las observamos y de otro cuando no lo hacemos?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>La simulaci\u00f3n nos enfrenta a la finitud<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En efecto, si no somos m\u00e1s que c\u00f3digo en alguna supercomputadora, tenemos un limitante material: el del hardware que nos soporta.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot_101.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_101&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb min_height=\u00bb17.5px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2.5%|0%|2.5%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|9px|false|false\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_width_left=\u00bb2px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#272727&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<em><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: small;\">Foto: Fugaku, la supercomputadora m\u00e1s poderosa del mundo.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>III.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pero la hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n es bastante m\u00e1s antigua. De hecho, podr\u00edamos pensar que <\/span><b>la alegor\u00eda de la caverna plat\u00f3nica<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> es su primera manifestaci\u00f3n, al menos en la cultura occidental. Tiene todos los elementos: la construcci\u00f3n de un submundo artificial dentro del mundo real, que es planteado como verdadero para las personas que viven en \u00e9l, y la posibilidad de un \u201cdespertar\u201d, de una salida. Las cadenas, el fuego y las sombras ocupan el lugar de la supercomputadora: la tecnolog\u00eda que habilita la simulaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fin de cuentas, usamos la palabra \u201chip\u00f3tesis\u201d pero tambi\u00e9n podr\u00edamos decir <\/span><b>narrativa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Esto es lo que representa, a fin de cuentas, la noci\u00f3n de que el mundo es falso.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si seguimos busc\u00e1ndola en el mundo de la ficci\u00f3n, podr\u00edamos volver a la historia del principio, la del estudiante que corre un programa: <\/span><b>\u00bfy si en vez de c\u00f3digo fuera una historia?<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/astralcodexten.substack.com\/p\/book-review-arabian-nights\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una lectura sci-fi<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Las mil y una noches<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> dice que funciona exactamente as\u00ed: el relato de Sherezade contando historia tras historia es, en s\u00ed mismo, una historia. Est\u00e1 en el mismo nivel que las dem\u00e1s. \u00bfNo es probable que ella misma sea parte de una historia, que sea S<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, siendo contada por otra S<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">? Y de hecho, para nosotros, lectores del libro, lo es.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>IV.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pero volvamos por un segundo al concepto de \u201c<\/span><b>despertar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201d, que es un elemento constitutivo de esta hip\u00f3tesis. Su misma postulaci\u00f3n como hip\u00f3tesis, de hecho, introduce <\/span><b>la posibilidad de descubrir la simulaci\u00f3n, de correr el velo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La narrativa fundamental del despertar, en la actualidad, es <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matrix<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, por supuesto.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Con ella entramos en el terreno pol\u00edtico de la interpretaci\u00f3n de la simulaci\u00f3n. <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matrix<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ha sido le\u00edda una y otra vez como una alegor\u00eda: del capitalismo, m\u00e1s recientemente (post transici\u00f3n de sus directoras, las Wachowski) del g\u00e9nero. M\u00e1s bien podr\u00edamos decir que es una alegor\u00eda de la ideolog\u00eda en general. La hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n puede funcionar de ese modo: <\/span><b>es una reinscripci\u00f3n ontol\u00f3gica (por v\u00eda de la ciencia) de una tradici\u00f3n pol\u00edtica, la que dice que las cosas no tienen por qu\u00e9 ser as\u00ed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que el estado actual del mundo no representa una realidad trascendente. Y, esto es lo m\u00e1s importante, que este estado contingente necesita presentarse <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">como si<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fuera natural e inmutable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pero cabr\u00eda preguntarse por el car\u00e1cter de esto que llam\u00e9 \u201creinscripci\u00f3n ontol\u00f3gica\u201d, pero que m\u00e1s simplemente podr\u00eda llamarse una simplificaci\u00f3n idiota. En lugar de una compleja trama de relaciones y estructuraciones sociales, tendr\u00edamos simplemente una computadora y un c\u00f3digo. Y, lo que es m\u00e1s peligroso, la hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n termina adoptando la forma de una <\/span><b>teor\u00eda conspirativa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. No es una hip\u00f3tesis: es una paranoia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot_102.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_102&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb min_height=\u00bb17.5px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2.5%|0%|2.5%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|9px|false|false\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_width_left=\u00bb2px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#272727&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<em><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: small;\">Foto: Neo despierta en Matrix (1999).<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/DKS_600x600_CUBO-3D-01.png\u00bb alt=\u00bbYPF\u00bb url=\u00bbhttps:\/\/www.ypf.com\/Paginas\/home.aspx\u00bb url_new_window=\u00bbon\u00bb disabled_on=\u00bboff|on|on\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb min_height=\u00bb248.1px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb14.3%||14.3%||true|false\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||50px|||\u00bb global_module=\u00bb5777&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>V.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un elemento que introduce el enfoque narrativo de la hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n es su recursividad infinita. Podr\u00edamos decirlo as\u00ed: <\/span><b>una vez que corremos el velo o rompemos el espejo, no podemos volver al estado ideol\u00f3gico previo, a la falta de sospecha<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. \u00bfPor qu\u00e9 habr\u00eda una sola simulaci\u00f3n, y no una simulaci\u00f3n dentro de otra, y esta dentro de una m\u00e1s? Nos movemos as\u00ed de <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Matrix<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inception<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O, volviendo al terreno acad\u00e9mico, de la hermen\u00e9utica de la sospecha marxista al desborde postestructuralista de <\/span><b>Jean Baudrillard<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Su cl\u00e1sico <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simulacro y Simulaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> plantea exactamente eso: que <\/span><b>solo hay copias y copias de copias. Se ha perdido el original<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Su famosa afirmaci\u00f3n de que \u201cla Guerra del Golfo no ha tenido lugar\u201d se sostiene sobre la afirmaci\u00f3n de que no se trata de una mera simulaci\u00f3n de una guerra para ocultar otra cosa, sino que la simulaci\u00f3n <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">es el verdadero objetivo<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que funciona para s\u00ed misma.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\">En ese sentido, la hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n en la versi\u00f3n que hemos planteado en estas l\u00edneas no es una lectura radical y transgresora sino todo lo contrario: un intento de reinstalar el hecho de que existe una \u00fanica realidad, y una \u00fanica simulaci\u00f3n. Que el pasaje de una a otra es posible, o, al menos, concebible.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>VI.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Propongo <\/span><b>una lectura simulacionista de Jorge Luis Borges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cienciaficcionalizaci\u00f3n<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> de la obra borgeana es un ejercicio habitual: es casi sorprendente lo bien que se prestan los laberintos y bibliotecas al registro de la especulaci\u00f3n narrativa sobre el futuro.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Es que gran parte de la obra de Borges, al observar temas como la relaci\u00f3n entre verdad y representaci\u00f3n, puede leerse como <\/span><b>una amplia reflexi\u00f3n po\u00e9tica sobre la simulaci\u00f3n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo es <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Emma Zunz<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, un cuento que postula la constructibilidad de la verdad mediante evidencias que falsean sus referentes: la protagonista simula una violaci\u00f3n que no ha ocurrido, pero para hacerlo <\/span><b>debe producirla, no solo f\u00edsica sino simb\u00f3licamente<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo es tambi\u00e9n<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Funes el Memorioso<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, cuyo rasgo terrible reside en la finitud del mundo que postula: si todo cabe en la memoria de Funes, \u00bfqu\u00e9 somos sino una simulaci\u00f3n de su cerebro? Hay casos a\u00fan m\u00e1s obvios, como <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tl\u00f6n, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, con su famosa afirmaci\u00f3n sobre el sexo y los espejos: ambos son abominables porque multiplican el n\u00famero de los hombres. Del mismo modo lo hacen los fantasmas, o la simulaci\u00f3n.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/urbe.com.ar\/revista\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Screenshot_103.png\u00bb title_text=\u00bbScreenshot_103&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb min_height=\u00bb17.5px\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2.5%|0%|2.5%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|9px|false|false\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb border_width_left=\u00bb2px\u00bb border_color_left=\u00bb#272727&#8243; global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<em><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: small;\">Foto: Aviones norteamericanos en la Guerra del Golfo.<br \/>\n<\/span><\/em>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbParrafo 1&#8243; _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; text_font=\u00bbTitillium Web||||||||\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#000000&#8243; text_font_size=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_line_height=\u00bb1.5em\u00bb custom_margin=\u00bb2%|0%|2%|0%|true|true\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb||0px|||\u00bb text_font_size_tablet=\u00bb17px\u00bb text_font_size_phone=\u00bb16px\u00bb text_font_size_last_edited=\u00bbon|phone\u00bb locked=\u00bboff\u00bb inline_fonts=\u00bbRubik,Alkalami\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<\/p>\n<blockquote><\/blockquote>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>VII.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El problema con la hip\u00f3tesis de la simulaci\u00f3n es que combina dos elementos profundamente contradictorios: <\/span><b>promete\u00edsmo y antihumanismo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Es decir que plantea, por un lado, que la humanidad es una falsedad, que somos una mentira contada por una civilizaci\u00f3n que nos es extra\u00f1a; pero sostiene, por el otro, que las reglas que rigen esa simulaci\u00f3n son bastante parecidas a las que conocemos dentro de ella, e incluso que eventualmente podr\u00edamos replicarla.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfQu\u00e9 nos quieren vender qui\u00e9nes defienden esta hip\u00f3tesis? El problema es la <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">polivalencia<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> del simulacionismo. M\u00e1s sencillo: <\/span><b>su capacidad de adaptarse a cualquier discurso pol\u00edtico<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Piensa que vivimos en una simulaci\u00f3n el cr\u00edtico del capitalismo financiero (especulaci\u00f3n = falsedad) pero tambi\u00e9n lo cree Elon Musk (wokeismo = conspiraci\u00f3n). Piensan que vivimos en una simulaci\u00f3n negacionistas del cambio clim\u00e1tico, feministas, comunistas l\u00ednea Xi, conservadores l\u00ednea Putin, progres, antisemitas y liberales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: xx-large;\"><b>VIII.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cada quien tiene su propia simulaci\u00f3n, pero en general son lo que podr\u00edamos llamar simulaciones de primer orden, las de una relaci\u00f3n simple entre un mundo real y uno falso. El segundo orden, el de la recursividad infinita de simulaciones, es de m\u00e1s dif\u00edcil traducci\u00f3n pol\u00edtica. <\/span><b>Su correlato parecer\u00eda ser el del desgano y la renuncia: no hay salida<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\">La alternativa, claro est\u00e1, es que nos devuelva al comienzo. Que si todo es simulaci\u00f3n, nada lo sea. Que la recursividad infinita de las copias no sea m\u00e1s que la realidad, una realidad irreal.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400; font-size: large;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A fin de cuentas, si el simulacionismo nos cautiva es porque esto no termina de ser cierto. Es, en s\u00edntesis, un s\u00edntoma de nuestra existencia contempor\u00e1nea: <\/span><b>la convicci\u00f3n de que las cosas no tienen por qu\u00e9 ser as\u00ed convertida en la certeza paranoica de que las cosas no pueden ser as\u00ed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, de que en realidad son de otra manera. Hay que tener cuidado: la potencia de este pensamiento crea, en s\u00ed misma, paranoias. Pero como ejercicio mental, como activador de lo adormecido, su fortaleza es innegable.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\u00bb4.21.0&#8243; _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb text_text_color=\u00bb#272727&#8243; background_color=\u00bb#f2f2f2&#8243; custom_margin=\u00bb112px|||||\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb14px|14px|14px|14px|true|true\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb]<span style=\"font-size: large;\"><strong>Dante Sabatto<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u00bfTe gust\u00f3 la nota? 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